Immediate Checklist

• Pull over safely and turn off the engine.
• Turn on internal lights if it is dark.
• Keep hands on the steering wheel where they are visible.
• Do NOT exit the vehicle unless ordered to do so.

1. The Right to Remain Silent

You must show your license and insurance. You do NOT have to answer questions like "Where are you coming from?" or "Have you had anything to drink?" You can politely say, "I choose to remain silent."

2. The Right to Refuse a Search

Officers often ask, "You don't mind if I look around?" Say NO. "I do not consent to a search." If they search anyway, do not physically resist. We will fight the legality of the search in court later. If you consent, you waive that right. Under the Fourth Amendment, they need probable cause or a warrant to search without consent.

3. Recording the Encounter

You have a First Amendment right to record the police. However, keep your hands visible and do not interfere with their work. Dashboard cameras and phone recordings are your best witnesses.

FAQ: What if I am Arrested?

If you are arrested, STOP TALKING immediately. Ask for a lawyer. Do not try to "explain" your side to the officers in the car or at the station. They are gathering evidence to use against you. Save your explanation for your attorney.